Marvell And Coyness Essays - Psychometrics, Research,

Marvell And Coyness q Research: the efficient exertion to tie down responses to questions. q Communication Research: Studies message related conduct as a claim to fame and is made out of verbal and non-verbal signs. q Quantitative Research: Explanation and Prediction, requests in which perceptions are communicated predominately in numerical terms. q Qualitative Research: Description and understanding, and are based predominately in non-numerical terms. q Formats for Research Questions: I. Must be expressed unambiguously II. Must have a least two factors III. Must be testable IV. Must not propel individual worth decisions V. Clear linguistic proclamations. q Formats for Research Hypothesis: I. States Relationships between the factors II. Be reliable with what is know in the writing III. Must be testable. IV. Must be clear. V. Syntactic and unambiguous revelatory sentences. a. Directional: What the connection between the variable is. b. Non-Directional: There is a connection between the factors. q Variables: a. Free: Predict results placed in the speculation. b. Subordinate: Values or exercises that are ventured to be molded upon the autonomous variable of the theory. c. Consistent: Expressed numerically to show matters of degree. d. Absolute: Identifies the qualities or levels of a variable. q Operational definitions: Isolation of an idea by indicating the means investigates follow to mention objective facts. q Conceptual definitions: Definitions that depend on different ideas to depict a term. q Descriptive Research: Research done through the social occasion of accessible data. q Experimental Research: Research done when at least one of the factors is controlled by the specialist. q Experimental Designs: Permits drawing causal cases about factors that can be controlled. q Purpose of Lit. Surveys: To have some reinforcement about what specialists and others state about point. q Peer Reviewed Sources: Sources that are inspected by different understudies and researchers q Popular Sources: Magazines, Newspapers, and non-Reviews sources. q Reliability: The interior consistency of a measure. q Validity: a. Test legitimacy is the consistency of a measure with a basis; how much a measure really gauges what is asserted. b. Exploratory legitimacy alludes to the nonappearance of blunders that keep scientists from making unequivocal determinations. q Types of Survey Questions: a. Likert Scales: Scales made out of explanations that ponder clear position an issue, for which subjects demonstrate their concession to a 5-point scale. b. Semantic Differential: Scales limited by sets of bipolar descriptive words. c. Open Ended: Questions to which individuals react in their own words. d. Shut Ended: Questions to which individuals react in fixed classifications of answers. q Uses of Focus Groups: To a guided or unguided conversation tending to a specific subject of enthusiasm with a deliberately chosen little gathering. By posing key inquiries the mediator finds the estimations of the gathering and the purposes for them. q Levels of estimation: a. Ostensible: Use of numbers as straightforward recognizable proof of factors. b. Ordinal: Use of rank request to decide contrasts. c. Stretch/Ratio: Assignment of numbers to things as an issue of degree. q Sampling Methods: a. Arbitrary: Selection of information with the end goal that every occasion in the populace has an equivalent possibility of being chosen. b. Non-Random: q Samples: q Population: Theory Essays

Marriage and welfare essays

Marriage and government assistance papers The disintegration of marriage in the course of recent years has enormously affected kids and the families in question. All things considered, this is the thing that most preservationist republicans would state, and President Bush is absolutely driving the way. The gainful impacts of marriage for people and society are past question and the Bush organization is attempting to ensure that administration strategy ought to advance marriage instead of debilitate it. President Bush has proposed the making of a program to advance sound and stable relationships. Investment in this program would be willful. The subsidizing for such a program would be around 300 million every year. This midpoints out to be one penny to advance relationships for each five dollars the administration spends to finance single parenthood.  ¡ This little speculation today could bring about possibly incredible sparing later on by lessening the reliance on government assistance and other social services. ¡(Rector and Johnson ) As indicated by insights about 33% of every single American kid are conceived without any father present. That is around one birth at regular intervals, and the kids brought into the world inside marriage the greater part of them will see separate before they arrive at the age of 18. Indeed the greater part of the considerable number of kids in the United States will spend their adolescence in useless families. The Importance of marriage has been horribly ignored. The disintegration of marriage is the chief reason for neediness in kid in the United States. Kids raised by single guardians are multiple times bound to grow up living in destitution than kids brought up in the home of the two guardians. Generally speaking roughly 80 percent of long haul youngster neediness in the United States originates from broken homes. Indeed, even with every one of these insights some despite everything contend that building solid sound relationships would have no impact on the neediness of youngsters, in light of the fact that ... <!

Rutledge, John

Rutledge, John Rutledge, John, 1739â€"1800, American jurist and political leader, 2d chief justice of the United States, b. Charleston, S.C.; brother of Edward Rutledge . After studying law in London he began practice in Charleston, S.C., in 1761. He rose to prominence when quite young, was a member (1762) of the provincial assembly, attorney general of South Carolina (1764â€"65), and a delegate (1765) to the Stamp Act Congress. He twice (1774â€"76, 1782â€"83) was a member of the Continental Congress and meanwhile held strong sway as president (1776â€"78) of his state and later (1779â€"82) as governor. As delegate (1787) to the Constitutional Convention, Rutledge played an important role in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution, and then (1788) was a member of the state ratifying convention. After serving (1789â€"91) as associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court he was chief justice of South Carolina. In July, 1795, he was appointed interim chief justice of the United States and presided at the August term of the Supreme Court, but the Senate (Dec., 1795) refused to confirm the appointment because of his bitter attacks on Jay's Treaty . See biography by R. H. Barry (1942, repr. 1971). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Restorative justice is a relatively contemporary model in penology that has had quite a considerable level ofacceptance in modern penology, especially in North America, Europe, (Umbreit and Greenwood, 1998) Australia, and New Zealand. More than a 1000 different programmes that employ restorative justice principles are known to be operative in the afore mentioned jurisdictions. (Umbreit and Greenwood, 1998) According to Marshall (1999) restorative justice is â€Å"a problem-solving approach to crime which involves the parties themselves, and the community generally, in an active relationship with statutory agencies† (p. 5). The main ethos in restorative justice focuses on a process which allows participation by the victim of crime, community representatives, the offender and families of the victim and or the offender. (Luna 2003) This inclusive process of penology is preferred as a medium for dealing with the causes and effects of crime in the community. (Luna 2003) Restorative justice views crime as an offence against an individual (or individuals) and the community and is thus a departure from the traditional norm in penology where the state assumes the role as the one whose prohibitions has been breached. We will write a custom essay sample on Restorative Justice and Young Offenders or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The locus of dealing with crime and its effects under restorative justice is thus communal in nature. Consequently, Marshall (1995) has observed that restorative justice gives â€Å"recognition of community, rather than criminal justice agencies as the prime site of crime control† (p. 1) Marshall (1999) also asserts that restorative justice is founded on principles which include â€Å"making room for the personal involvement of those mainly concerned (particularly the offender and the victim, but also their families and communities); seeing crime problems in their social context; a forward-looking (or preventative) problem-solving orientation; † and â€Å"flexibility of practice (creativity)† (p. 5). One of the areas of the criminal justice system that restorative justice is showing a lot of promise as a form of early intervention in preventing re-offending in many countries the world over (especially the ‘Family Group Conferences in Australia and New Zealand) is in the area of juvenile delinquency or youth offending. (Thames Valley Police, 1999) McGarrell (2001) observes that in the US, emphasis on issues of youth violence and school safety due to school shootings, have diverted attention from an important area of concern like delinquency among the very young.

Essay on Critical Thinking and Decision Making - 582 Words

The process of critical thinking requires you to ask more questions of both others and of yourself before a decision or determination is made. In order to successfully evaluate data in a critical manner, you must have a system in place to assess information as it is presented. In any situation whether you are having a conversation, observing others, or material you have read, you must be ready to probe deeper and ask the right question at the right time. Browne, Keely, McCall and Kaplan, refers to critical thinking as a Systematic evaluation of arguments based on explicit rational criteria (1998, p.IX). The authors go on to state that critical thinking refers to the following: awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions,†¦show more content†¦The use of these tools will enable management in obtaining a level of comfort with making the tough choices. The relationship between critical thinking and decision making is inseparable. The purpose of utilizing critical thinking skills is to get to the very core of an issue, topic or problem, and making a decision on the information. Therefore, there is little purpose to one without the other. Why would anyone become a critical thinker if they were not going to follow it up with a decision on the data as it is presented? Similarly, any decisions made without the benefit of any relevant information will end up being a decision made in haste. It is best to utilize every tool at your disposal to make an informed decision. I agree with the authors on the definition and use of critical thinking and decision making skills. The benefits of being a critical thinker are enormous, they include being able to make effective decisions and learning to ask the important show-stopping questions. By using these skills you will be able to probe deeper and get to the heart of the issue. As stated in an earlier paper, the use of critical thinking when making crucial business decisions quite simply makes good business sense. Critical thinking skills are crucial in todays fast paced business world. Once these skills becomeShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking For Decision Making755 Words   |  4 Pagesis to discuss my critical thinking for decision-making and problem-solving as a professional in healthcare, reflect on the three most important elements of personal and professional etiquette, identify my communication strengths and weaknesses, identify strategies to stay on-task and on-time, and discuss my professional goal s. Critical Thinking for Decision-Making and Problem Solving As a professional in the healthcare environment, I use my critical thinking for decision-making and problem solvingRead MoreCritical Thinking And Decision Making1198 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking is the process of actively conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information gathered from the observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication. Critical thinking is a guide to belief and action (Scriven Paul 1987). In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairnessRead MoreCritical Thinking And Decision Making1240 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision Making By Pat Scruggs | Submitted On October 31, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest What is critical thinking? There s a phrase that conjures up all manner of opinionsRead MoreDecision Making : Critical Thinking1982 Words   |  8 Pagespossible. But like Gary Collins said â€Å"We can try to avoid making choices by doing nothing, but even that is a decision. Therefore, decision making is in us relentlessly whether we want it or not. No single definition of critical thinking is widely accepted. Critical thinking is the process in which one challenges their emotive, self-centered way of thinking. It causes one to test their own assumptions and question their reasoning. Critical thinking is the process in which one mentally explores deeperRead MoreCritical Thinking in Decision Making Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking in Decision Making Debra Rodriguez MGT 350 August 6, 2012 Karen Allen Critical thinking is a mode of thinking where one improves his or her quality by applying intellectual skills to elements of decisions to make solid decisions to develop intellectual traits. It is important to enhance ones critical thinking skills to improve decision-making capabilties in life and create new opportunities. Critical thinking is the ability of evaluating and assessing thoughts with the aimRead More Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision Making In the corporate environment critical decisions must be made, sometimes quickly, whether because of changes in market conditions, corporate profits, or corporate performances. The decision-making process is vital to good management in today’s work environment. This paper will examine the relationship between critical thinking and the decision making process, explain what the textbook authors believe, and relate how both apply to today’s workplace. CriticalRead MoreCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesinfers the ability to think. Critical thinking is asking the right questions about the information we are presented with on any given situation. Or as Brown and Keeley put it, it is asking critical questions. (Pg. 2) To put it more specifically, asking critical questions provide(s) a structure for critical thinking that supports a continual, ongoing search for better opinions, decisions, or judgments. (Brown and Keeley, 2000, Critical Thinking, Asking the Right QuestionsRead MoreEssay on Critical Thinking and Decision-Making1892 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision-Making The purpose of this paper is to explain critical thinking and decision-making by different examples, models, and show how it is used in everyday life. Everyone uses critical thinking and decision-making all the time, most of the time without recognition and involuntary and it starts from the time you wake up in the morning till you go to bed. There are three components for every decision made and they are: 1.Criteria- the standards by which decision makersRead MoreThe Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decision Making665 Words   |  3 PagesCritical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. The relationship between the two will be explained as well as the benefits of being a critical thinker. The author of this paper will also sh ow how critical thinking is present in his organization and howRead MoreCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay example733 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking 1 CRITICAL THINKING AND DECISION MAKING Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Paper Critical Thinking 2 Abstract Critical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. The relationship between the two will be explained as

What is Censorship Free Essays

I will discuss whether or not censorship is a good or bad thing and what affect it has on the people and whether this influence is helpful to society. The media needs censorship because discretion in viewers or censorship is necessary; it reduces the risk of exposing children of easily influenced ages to adult content as well as inappropriate content that should not be exposed to all. Media exposure is a powerful factor in influencing the values and opinions of children; for this reason, the need to control all that they see and hear from the media. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Censorship? or any similar topic only for you Order Now An example of this are rap songs, which usually contain swear words, say if a young child was in the room and heard this and then began to repeat the word, this is why some word in songs are censored. On the other hand there are cons to censorship. It compromises freedom of speech. Also not censoring can be a good thing as shock tactics are the best way to help children/teenagers to stay safe, for instance if a teenager saw a picture of a girl dead from a drug overdose it would help them to see that it is dangerous making sure that they stay away from it. Everyone should be able to choose whether censoring is better or not, seeing things like the example above will help children to think twice leading them to make the right choices rather than being reckless and irresponsible with their decisions. In conclusion I believe that censorship is good because it protects the privacy of the people. We should all have a choice, some may rather prefer content be censored like if they live in a family environment with children around. Whereas others would choose not censoring for example if they live on their own and are an adult, listening to swear words would not cause any harm or have any impact as most likely they already know these certain words. How to cite What is Censorship?, Papers

Public Services free essay sample

They also provide a range of other urgent and planned healthcare and transport services. Communication High-quality communication skills are very important for working in the uniformed public services. You are educated these skills the instant you start basic training. Communication can take place in a number of ways, Such as: * Non verbal communication * Verbal communication * Visual communication The public service skills are important in The Ambulance service because For example, Non verbal is used for people who have hearing aids or have any other disabilities. Verbal communication is used mainly for people who have sight disabilities. Visual communication is used as written or drawn pictures that represent words. In public services non verbal communication would be useful if someone was deaf and you could use sign language, they might need to send an order to another person so the deaf person would either lip-read or sign. Non verbal communication- is where body language and sign language are used to communicate effectively in a one to one situation or a group situation. Public services should be aware of every human has their own rights because public services work with the agreement and cooperation with the public , they are respected from people and same way goes to public service they should show the same respect back to citizens. However, even with highly trained and knowledgeable officers, there can still be breaches (abuse) of human rights. And this is the reason why there is the need for law as and policies such as the human right Act 1998. Human rights act 1998 This act ensures that all the UK citizens have certain rights. Such as, right to; * Life * Prohibition of slavery and forced labour * Liberty and security * Prohibition of discrimination * Education * Free election * Freedom of assembly and association * Freedom of thought, conscience and religion There are many other rights for humans but if these rights are broken by the public services, then the individuals concerned have the right to take the service to court and challenge the action. * Equal opportunities Equal opportunity is another act to ensure that all the citizens of the UK receive equal chance. All of the public services aware of the importance of equal opportunity in the UK. There is equal opportunities legislation for example; the sex discrimination act and the race relations Act this Acts has basically changed the way the services co-operate with their officers and the public. This legislations aim is to ensure the public services reflect the communities when they service. For example; majority of the public service starts recruiting women and those ethnic minority groups to give equal opportunity for both sexes. Another good example will be uniform requirement have changed to provide different religious group for example; female Muslim police officers can wear a dark blue head covering under their hat this means they are allowing Muslim females to wear scarf which is showing that equal opportunity has given to citizens. * Financial reduction or increase Finance is very important in any public service because they won’t be able to operate if they don’t have the recourses for example; if the Army service doesn’t get enough financial help from government the service won’t function because of the resources such as weapons. They won’t be able to pay the personnel this even can cause to have fewer personnel. * Civilianisation Civilianisation is a process whereby police officers or this can be any other public service officers are released from completing non-operational task which don’t require their specialist expertise or training. For example when a police officer catches the criminals all of them have to write report about that task. These officers will then able to organise to an operational role, this makes the use of such staff more efficient since they are doing the job they were trained to do rather than routine organisational work. Policies that affect the military service Declaration of war A declaration of war will have a large and immediate impact on the military service because they will begin to be deployed almost immediately to a particular battle area along with their resources and equipment’s, in order to fight for an aim or set of aims specified by the government. The army service exist as servants of the government, they cannot pick or choose where to serve they can only go into military action when ordered to do so by the government . The impact on the service First of all is there is the risk to the loves of serving solders in combat or in an area of global variability. During the war military personnel can be killed or seriously injured by the enemy. they could lose their life or any part of their body this will called as a injured but as I said this can be very big injured. * Another impact is families of military personnel they can face to big stress and anxiety about the happiness of thei r loved ones. This can be very painful because they never know if they can see their loved ones again. Reserve forces These are volunteer troops who are can be called up in time of conflict but otherwise lead a normal civilian life. * The use of troops carries advantages and disadvantages because commanding officers can struggle with them because they cannot be physically fit to cope with the difficulties of the war. * Also they can be less effective because they have not been trained. * They bring a wealth of experience from their civilian lives which can enhance the service greatly. * Military will save money because it’s an volunteer organisation. Increased use of technology The armed services should always be at the forefront of the technology because they are protection country so they need latest weapons so complete task. Another advancing of technology is that communication system and this leads to more effective task because that’s how public services can achieve the task. Links with international service The UK government and this same goes to any other countries we are accountable to each other. As British army service provides support to country in time of war for example the recent one is in 2008 when Iraq was n war British army help them. P5-â€Å"identify how society is affected by government policies† This assignment is requiring to identifying how society is affected by government policies. Many people feel that government policies have little impact on their lives and that they think there is no point to say out because they are policies all they need to do is to follow them but then there are other people who thinks that ther e is an issue because of the policy that affect them directly and they can feel very angry about this policy and they might want to protest about it. n this way it cannot argued as if is bad thing, it is right of people in democratic country to protest peacefully about government policies that they disagree with because there is not such a thing that says everyone has to agree with the policy that set out by the government. As I said some people may feel so strongly about that policy. The problems starts to arise when protest affect with other people’s ability to get on with their lives or when they turn damaging and violent in this situation the job of the police is to allow protesters to get their protest across without doing anybody any harm because it’s given very negative view to government. * Civil disobedience This is a non-violent protest that breaks the law. This is usually done peacefully to highlight how incorrect a law is and promote that there is need for a change in the law. A good example of this case would be when Rose Parks in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to white man when asked to do so. She was arrested and her arrested sparked a chain in 1956 which led the US Supreme Court decision in 1956 that racial segregation on transportation was illegal. * Terrorism This affects all the service but especially the work of police and the armed service has been strongly affected by the risk of terrorism because these services is the ones that who deals with this situation very closely to keep peace in the country. Terrorism involves a group of people using violence or threat of violence against citizen and military targets in order to force the government to change its policy. Government don’t respond well to terrorism because there have been changes in the law, especially the terrorism act 2000, the terrorism Act 2006 and the civil contingencies Act 2004 and there may anymore Act to come but it’s not given any good solution to this problem, the only thing that we gain from this problem is more dead bodies that’s the reason why I said government don’t respond well to terrorism. One of the worst examples is when atrocities committed the Omagh bombing in 1998 which killed 29 people. There are many other examples when people died. * Picketing Picketing is when workers strike meet together outside their work place, this is quite common way for employees to show that they are not happy with the policy that has stetted. The focus of this usually pays joblessness or working conditions. This also happened in the UK when fire service strikes in 2002 and also when teachers strike because of the retirement age. Sit-ins Sit-ins is a peaceful way of demonstrating to prevent road building for example; in 1995-6 environmental protestors effectively disrupted work on the Newbury bypass. The protest was including 29 camps with tree houses and tunnel network and also the protesters failed to stop eventual building of the bypass at Newbury. However protestor’s action led to a change in government thinking in the building of new road so they have actually made small cha nged. * Demonstrating and meetings Meeting is basically to discuss problems which politically sensitive that may lead sooner or later to violence so citizens meets to discuss about the issue that may give bad hard times in future. This meeting can also be held outside just to show that people are not happy to back up their feelings that against the decision. Example of this would be the meetings and protest organised by the countryside Alliance since the UK government placed a ban on foxhunting.

Five stages of dying Essay Example

Five stages of dying Paper Thanatology, or the study of death and dying, has gone through significant growth since the 1950s, when Herman Feifels â€Å"Meanings of Death† was introduced to the behavioral science field. Before then, dying and death were mainly the concerns of poets and mystics. Death was considered a word to be avoided as much as possible by physicians, and as a topic of restriction even by psychologists. Since that time the research and writings of Robert Fulton, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, among others, have helped to make thanatology a serious area of scientific research and discussion. Even though all dying people do not show a terminal drop in their abilities and actions, many of them do realize when they are about to die (Kalish Reynolds, 1981). This epiphany affects different people in different ways. People who no longer want to live may give up without putting on a fight and die fairly quickly. When they lose their will to survive, they embrace death as the ultimate solution to all their problems. Another group of severely ill people are those those who find themselves unable to cope with the pain and frustration of long term illness but are also afraid of death itself, continually battling between a desire to live and a wish to die. This constant conflict between dying and living is worsened when the person has one or more dependents but is afraid of becoming a burden on them. We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even when they are not told directly by a family member, a friend, a doctor or a nurse, a large majority of terminally ill patients realize that they are going to die in the very near future. They sense it in the changes in their bodies and the attitudes of other people. Consequently, an honest report on the part of others frequently comes as no surprise but simply confirms what the patient suspected all along (Kubler-Ross, 1969). Whether they desire to die sooner or later, it is generally acknowledged that people can, through their own attitudes and behavior, either hasten or delay their own death. Having accepted the fact that death is imminent, they may even decide on a particular time for it to occur. Stages in Dying The stage theory of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, as well as of many other researchers, is related to the time, dimension of the dying process. Kubler-Rosss (1969) stage theory was formulated from an analysis of her interviews with over 200 dying patients. She argued that it is important for health workers and families of dying patients to be observant and aware of these progressive stages.

Free Essays on Sir Launcelots Adventures

Sir Launcelot’s first adventure was his encounter with four queens. While Launcelot was sleeping under an apple tree four queens found him. They put a spell on him and took him to their castle. After telling the queens that he would not pick any of them to be his wife they put him in a cell as a prisoner. During the night a young noblewoman came and ask if he would fight with her father, King Bagdemagus. She told him if he did that she would release him. As promised she came and released him at dawn the next day. During this whole time as a prisoner Sir Launcelot respected the four queens and was polite. He followed every rule to the Code of Chivalry. Another tremendous adventure was a battle between Sir Tarquine and himself. He fought to rescue the knights the Sir Tarquine had taken prisoners. Most of these men were from Camelot. The battle between them took hours because they were both strong and skilled knights. After a while Sir Tarquine became faint and lowered his shield. Launcelot took his helmet of and beheaded him. Launcelot killed the evil Knight and rescued all of the knights that were kept prisoners. This was most diffrently a positive act of Chivalry. The last adventure Sir Launcelot was at the Round Table in a competition. He was to fight for King Bagdemagus. He put on armor that disguised him from his true identity. He won ever battle that he was in. Even Sir Launcelot was doing a good deed to help the noblewoman’s father he still wasn’t following the Code Chivalry completely. He tricked other people to think he was someone else. He also wasn’t being loyal to King Arthur because he was fighting for another King. So out of all the adventures Sir Launcelot took, this one is questionable on following the Code of Chivalry.... Free Essays on Sir Launcelots Adventures Free Essays on Sir Launcelots Adventures Sir Launcelot’s first adventure was his encounter with four queens. While Launcelot was sleeping under an apple tree four queens found him. They put a spell on him and took him to their castle. After telling the queens that he would not pick any of them to be his wife they put him in a cell as a prisoner. During the night a young noblewoman came and ask if he would fight with her father, King Bagdemagus. She told him if he did that she would release him. As promised she came and released him at dawn the next day. During this whole time as a prisoner Sir Launcelot respected the four queens and was polite. He followed every rule to the Code of Chivalry. Another tremendous adventure was a battle between Sir Tarquine and himself. He fought to rescue the knights the Sir Tarquine had taken prisoners. Most of these men were from Camelot. The battle between them took hours because they were both strong and skilled knights. After a while Sir Tarquine became faint and lowered his shield. Launcelot took his helmet of and beheaded him. Launcelot killed the evil Knight and rescued all of the knights that were kept prisoners. This was most diffrently a positive act of Chivalry. The last adventure Sir Launcelot was at the Round Table in a competition. He was to fight for King Bagdemagus. He put on armor that disguised him from his true identity. He won ever battle that he was in. Even Sir Launcelot was doing a good deed to help the noblewoman’s father he still wasn’t following the Code Chivalry completely. He tricked other people to think he was someone else. He also wasn’t being loyal to King Arthur because he was fighting for another King. So out of all the adventures Sir Launcelot took, this one is questionable on following the Code of Chivalry....

HIV and AIDS in Thailand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HIV and AIDS in Thailand - Research Paper Example However, the malady remains restricted majorly among the risk groups, that is, commercial sex workers, men who have sex with fellow men, and the intravenous drug users. Recently, data collected from Africa proved that AIDS is a bidirectional disease whose major mode of transmission is through sex. This paper gives an analysis of AIDS pandemic in Thailand. Causes of HIV and AIDS HIV and AIDS incidences have been increasing marginally in the Thailand nation. This terrible increase is attributed to the drivers of AIDS spread (Clark 4). Marginalized groups like the sex workers, men who have sex with men and the injecting drug users are the high-risk groups in Thailand. Sex workers, just like the other marginalized groups, have played a big role in the spread of HIV and AIDS. Though the issue of sex workers as drivers of AIDS spread has raised many debates, the fact remains that paid sex is the excellent driving mode of AIDS pandemic. The factor that has led the rampant spread of AIDS amo ng the sex workers is their common misuse of drugs and the sharing of the needles (McNeil A6). This overlaps two major factors making the disease a common phenomenon among them. Most teenagers in Thailand have ignored the prevention campaigns carried by the country’s government and, instead, are engaging in unsafe sexual behaviors. More than eighty-five per cent of the youth do not consider the damage of HIV, even though more than seventy per cent of STI cases are within the youthful age brackets. Premarital sex among the youth has become a common phenomenon in the country. Only twenty percent of the youth who engage in sex activity use condom during the act (Feimuth, Noar and Edgar 293). Sex workers are criminalized population, so they play the game in secret, thus, it is very hard to track or monitor them. Another driver group of HIV prevalence is the drug users. In the first few years of Thailand’s epidemic, HIV was common among the users of heroine, opium and cocai ne who injected the drugs into their bodies with syringes and shared them with friends. The government has not made a great deal of success in reducing HIV infections among the drug users (Finkel 258). In spite of their efforts to crackdown drug trafficking in the country, the activity has roots underground, making the prevention campaign difficult, if not impossible, for this group. The prime minister of the country held a conference against drug abuse where he addressed the drug issue. Another major risk group in cause of AIDS in Thailand is represented by men who have sex with fellow men. In Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, the prevalence if AIDS among the gays rose by twenty-eight per cent, in a span of two years, that is, between 2003 and 2005. Currently, AIDS prevalence among the gays in Thailand is the highest in major towns (Eur 19). Comparably, men who have sex with fellow men have the highest prevalence to contract AIDS to the general population. The country has formed ga y associations which educate the victims and rehabilitate them, if need be. Users as patients are not criminals, as suggested (Poundstone et al 23).The organizations have established local community centers for men who have sex with fellow men across the country where they can meet and socialize. Thailand has a high number of migrant workers (bridging population) who have provided the greater share of work force in the country. The major challenge faced by this group of people is the language barrier and fear of arrest and

Ethical Hacking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Hacking - Essay Example Even mundane day to day tasks rely on the use of computers. Technology is evolving at an unprecedented rate and as a result the products that reach the market are engineered more for ease of use rather than secure computing. With the increased numbers and expanding knowledge of ill-intentioned crackers, combined with the growing number of system vulnerabilities and other unknowns, organizations (universities, corporate companies, NGOs, hospitals etc) need to be more proactive in securing their sensitive networks and data. More and more companies now believe in the quote: "To catch a thief, think like a thief" and hiring ethical hackers to ensure information system security. For a long time, the term Ethical Hacking has been termed to be an oxymoron. This is mainly because of the misappropriate information imparted by misinformed or more appropriately, 'lesser informed' people. Since a long time, zealous and intelligent information system professionals who can get around a computer issue through innovation have categorized themselves into two categories: Black Hat Society (Crackers) and White Hat Society (Hackers).

Implementation of a Marketing Plan

Implementation of a Marketing Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The present financial crisis has negatively affected not only the US market but also International markets with economies experiencing negative global growth in Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and decreases in global consumption levels. Now more than ever, companies (in Trinidad and Tobago) are faced with reformulating their business strategies in order to boost sales volumes by attracting customers through promoting traditional products but providing additional services not previously offered. Companies have to revisit their marketing strategies and implement new marketing plans that will not only create competitive advantage but also experience sustainable competitive advantage. As such the aim of this research is to identify and develop a marketing plan to strengthen Dhookups competitive advantage in Trinidad and Tobagos industry to viably survive in these current situations. Background Origin The company, now known as Dhookup, was originally formed by Mr. Kedelle Greaves in April 2008 to satisfy the growing needs of the working population by providing quality electronic products at a low costs compared to the Trinidad and Tobagos current market where such goods and services were seen as being very costly by customers. Currently, the company is operating at an adhoc basis with no formal marketing structure and Business plan. The Electronic products presently offered by the company are Laptops and Accessories, Desktop Computers, Cellular Phones, Digital Storages Devices, Games and Accessories, Electronic Accessories and Digital Cameras. In May 2009, the founder realise the need to restructure the operations and strategic planning of the company due to the present economic and financial global crisis in order to be remain competitive and viable in Trinidad market. A decision was made to reform the business from a sole proprietor to a partnership by inviting two investors to contribute equal amounts of capital, along with the founder, into the business which will be used to fund any additional investments and strategic future market plans. Snapshot of the Business The company was managed solely by the founder and now is managed equally by all investors with no other employees mainly because the present workflow was not demanding and did not require additional personnel. At present the company operates using a just in time system where, only when a customer wants an item, then the item is sourced and delivered. The customer makes a down payment (usually 50%), and then the order is placed for the item which approximately takes 2-3 weeks to be delivered. At the end of this period the customer collects the item by paying off the balance of the item. Mission Statement Dhookup will continue to be one of the premier electronic product and service provider within Trinidad and Tobago with an emphasis on Customer Relationship Management and timely satisfaction of consumer needs. Strategy Statement The Hook up will pursue a strategy of growth aimed at position the company as one the leading best costs electronic products and service providers in Trinidad and Tobago. SWOT analysis of the company Product and Services The company offers high quality products at an affordable price which is very competitive to the other similar suppliers in the market. Apart from providing competitive prices, consumers are well informed about the technical features and benefits of their desired purchases before any business is conducting by providing detailed information of the products specification, its capabilities and also similar products in the market. The company ensures that the customer is purchasing the correct product to suffice their desired needs and wants. Also, the company provides excellent after sales service customer support that is very unique to Trinidad and Tobagos industry. Customers have a luxury of after sales assistance, at no extra costs, in terms of trouble shooting of products and minor repairs. Any major repairs of electrical items are directed to an external partner who will automatically grant discounts on any services rendered. DHookups Product Mix is as follows: Laptops and Accessories Desktop Computer Cell Phones Digital Storages Devices Games and Accessories Electronic Accessories Digital Cameras Product Line RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Problem Statement The industry In the era of increasing technology advancements, the industry has seen a decrease in barriers to accessing products and services in regional and international markets by individuals and corporations. The public can now access these markets through various tools such as obtaining skyboxes and liaising with various import and export companies. The issues arising from this is that both individuals and companies are faced with the uncertainty of additional costs and risk incurred for importer these items to the local market. More and more companies either shift both the costs and risks involved in such transactions to consumer causing a strike in prices of these goods and services as compared to the international markets and/or an overall decrease in the level of customer service. Costs such as customs duties are not easily predicted due to the fact that as at present there is no formal costing structure on imported goods and services, thus values are determine by the customs department at the point of entry (please see appendix II for excerpt receipt statement). Customers engaging in acquiring skyboxes may be wary due to the uncertainty of the duties imposed on the items and also the risks involved in purchasing items on the internet. This acts as a deterrent to customers leaving them to rely on the local market, where there is limited variety. The Company Dhookup currently advertises based on referrals and recommendation by existing clients and there are no formal marketing strategies in terms of communicating the services provided by the company to the public. A lack of both strategic business and marketing plan has seen the company experience a lot of difficulties that hinders the growth of the business in the industry for both the short and long term. A lack of marketing strategies has contributed to low and inconsistent sales level. Due to the fact that business in generated solely on the referrals, the company does not presently have a huge clientele base and relies on existing customers for repeat purchases. This strategy has proven to be unreliable and needs to be addressed immediately to improve profit levels Brand awareness is one of the key issues and areas that need to be resolved and improved. Customers are unaware of the range of products and services offered by the company and there are no branding strategies initialise in the beginning in the incorporation of the company. Also, a more focussed should be placed on analysing the current and prospective product distribution channels available to the company. The company does not focus in any particular market in terms of advertising and distribution but instead provides products and services where necessary. By not focusing on any one particular target market the company cannot identify what their customers needs are and also what their purchasing patterns are like. Knowing your customer base is one the key areas that should be focused on when looking at what distribution channel is most effective. Objectives The main objectives of this marketing plan are to: Define the Target Market Identify the customer base Improve Brand Awareness. Identify the main competitors Outline a strategy for attracting and keeping customers Outline a financial plan to maintain consistent profit levels and growth As such the purpose of this practicum, in order to accomplish the set companys objectives, is to: Outline the importance and roles of Customer Relationship Management in sustaining competitive advantage Identify the Roles of Branding Identify the Importance and roles of Advertising LITERATURE REVIEW CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT What is CRM Customer Relationship Management or CRM, according the Ellen Gifford, is focused on the relationship between the firm and its customers. Successful firms build customer relationships by: Satisfying goals between firms and customers, Both Consumers and the organisations has a set of conditions. Establishing and maintaining a positive customer connection Producing positive outcomes for the organisation and the customers. Jill Dyche states â€Å"CRM is defined as the infrastructure that enables the delineation of, and increase in customer value and the correct means by which to motivate valuable customers to remain loyal and indeed buy again.† In todays current marketplace, companies have to focus on the needs and wants of the customer which entails providing excellent customer service to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Excellent Customer services focuses on providing 24 hour service to customers before, during and after a service has been delivered. According to Turban and Efrain, (2002), â€Å"Customer Service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer satisfaction.† Customer relationship Management has evolved from a simple market concept representing a refocus of marketing with a greater emphasis on the creation of customer value. The main emphasis has shifted from satisfying customers needs to building long term relationship through value creation process (Evans Laskin, 1994). Improvements in Information Technology in the marketplace has empowered customers with greater and broader knowledge and facilitated the constant exchange of information between buyers and sellers. Firms are now focused on moving closer to customers, understanding their needs and allowing customers to actively shape their own expectation by co-creating value obtaining a strategic customer focus. Buttle (2002), states that CRM is â€Å"the development and maintenance of mutually beneficial long term relationships with strategically significant customers.† It is â€Å"an IT enhanced value process which identifies develops, integrates and focuses the various competencies of the firm to the voice of the customer in order to deliver long term superior customer value, at a profit to well identified existing and potential customer,† (Plakoyiannaki and Tzokas, 2001). Determinants of CRM In order to achieve these synergies between the customer and suppliers (firms) we must highlight what the underlying determinants of CRM are Trust and Value: Trust is defined as the willingness to rely on the ability, integrity and motivation of one company to serve the need of the other company as agreed upon implicitly and explicitly Value is defined as the ability of a selling organisation to satisfy the needs of the customers at a comparatively lower cost or higher benefit than that offered by competitors and measured in monetary, temporal, functional and psychological terms In addition to providing high quality levels of both trust and value, companies must also: Understand Customer needs and problems: This is an ongoing process and should take place before, during and after the sale is completed. Meet their commitments Must be honest: The company should also make sure the customer is always told the truth about the information provided for goods and services provided Have a long term perspective. Focus should be placed on establishing and retaining a long term relationship with the customer Developing customer relationship Successful management of the development process between the firm and the customer would lead to superior long-term performance of the organisation through improved customer retention. Ford et al suggested a relationship development model that consists of five stages: The pre-relationship stage: this is the event that triggers a buyer/supplier (customer/firm) to seek a new business partner The early stage: This is where experience is accumulated between buyer and supplier although a great degree of uncertainty and distance exists The development stage: This is where increased level of transactions lead to a higher degree of commitment and the distance is reduced to a social exchange. The long term stage: This is characterised by th e companies mutual importance to each other. The final Stage: This is where the interaction between the parties becomes institutionalised. According to the model in the early stages both parties are distant from one another but as time goes by the relationship is characterised by increased commitment and cooperation whereas in the later stages interaction decreases as the relationship is institutionalised. As with the life cycle model, the time span of each stage varies and it is difficult to predict how long both parties will remain in that stage before moving on or decide to not move at all and relinquish the relationship. As seen in the both models when the relationship enters the decline phase, both cooperation and the level of commitment and cooperation drops significantly. Firms are now faced with the task of attracting and retaining new and existing customers by ensuring that they maintain their positive relationship with customers through effective customer relationship management. Functions of CRM The functions of customer relationship management can be direct and indirect. Direct functions of CRM refer to profit, volume and safeguard as opposed to indirect functions which includes innovation, market, scout and success. In terms of CRM, direct functions are the basic requirements of the company that are necessary to survive in the competitive marketplace and the indirect functions are actions necessary to convince the customer to engage or participate in various marketing activities (Earl D. Honeycutt et al 2003) Profitability This distinguishes between the profitable customer who provides the firm with a positive cash flow and a high volume customer who helps the firm achieve economies of scale Volume this secures the necessary breakeven position of the firm and enables the firm to operate on a profit making basis Safeguard This improves the costs efficiency of a supplier and provides stability and control in sales in a dynamic marketplace. Innovation This allows products and processes to be developed together in order to improve the value of the offering to the customer. Market This wins customer support through referrals/recommendations when entering new markets and establishing new commercial and personal relationships Scout This results in market information gathered by customers and communicated to the supplier earlier than would have be known Access This refers to the help received from customers experience and networking when the firm interacts with authorities and trade associations. (Earl D. Honeycutt et al 2003) Though the functions of Customer Relationship Management is clearly outlined above, firms have different prospective on CRM on the whole. Some firms focus on CRM because they are driven by gaining competitive advantage as opposed to others who are view CRM as an opportunity to improve the relationship with another company to minimise the effects of market volatility. No matter what the firms objectives and goals are in utilising CRM tools, the models they choose must support these objectives by improving the overall relationship between the firm and the customer. This is accomplished by adding value to the customers experience. Evan and Laskin 1994 introduced a model of relationship selling that evidently differentiates between three underlying and fundamental components: Relationship inputs, relationship outcomes and assessment. According to the model, effective relationship management is understanding customer expectation, building service partnership with customers, empowering employees to fulfil customer needs and providing the best quality to customers to satisfy their respective needs (introduction of Total Quality Management (TQM). If implemented in the most effective manner these inputs would lead to positive outcomes such as improved customer satisfaction, loyalty, and increased customer perception of the firms product and services, which in turn would affect the firms profit. Of course the opposite applies if these inputs are not successfully implemented. The assessment state integrates two components, customer feedback and integration. Firms should engage in customer feedback mechanism to ensure at all times customer needs are being addressed and met. The firm should ensure that the relationship marketing processes is integrated into the strategic planning framework in order to align it to the firm s overall goals and objectives. Smith and Barclay 2003 identified a standard model for building effective customer relationship based on some key factors; Interdependence, Cooperation and mutual trust. The model highlights that both the customer and supplier perceive interdependence as the channel to cooperate and also the motivation to exchange a level of trust and commitment. Mutual Trust and Cooperation contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the relationship creating relationship dynamics. As the relationship grows and develops into a partnerships (maturity stage) both parties shares similar and agreed objectives and visions maximising the effectiveness of the relationship. Apart from the models highlighted above aimed to improving the relationships between both parties through CRM, Parasuraman et al (1996) also introduced the â€Å"GAP† model of service quality by identifying five major gaps that face organisation to meet customers expectation of the customers experience. BRANDING ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION METHODOLOGY Market Research is an objective, systematic collection and analysis of data representing a particular target market, environment and competition incorporating some form of data collection, either primary or secondary. The following key areas would be focused on in this section: Research design Target population and Sample Data Collection Technique Validity and reliability of the research Research Design The research design of the practicum depends on the extent to which the theory highlighted is derived. There are two types of research design; Deductive approach: Where you develop a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) and design a research strategy to test the hypothesis or Inductive approach: Where you collect data and develop the theory as a result of your data analysis (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007), For the purpose of this research a deductive approach will be used. According to Robson (2002) there are five sequential stages through which deductive research will progress: Deducing a hypothesis from the theory (a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more concepts or variables). Testing the hypothesis in operational terms (i.e. indicating how the concepts or variables are to be measured). Relationships between two or more specific concepts or variables are proposed. Testing the operational hypothesis. Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry (confirming the theory or indication modification is needed) If necessary, modify the theory. Though the deductive approach is usually affiliated with the quantitative research design, this practicum would utilise a mixed approach design, focusing on both quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering data through discussions, observations and questionnaires. The research design will be a descriptive study in order to portray an accurate profile of events and situations and to gain deeper insights into the main topic highlighted. The descriptive study, also known as the statistical approach, describes data and characteristics of the population being sampled by answering the questions who, what, where, when and how. The research was also designed in such a way to determine the spending habits of the targeted population with respect to age, gender and social disposition by gathering primary data. It also tested the participants knowledge of the industry and the perceived factors affecting Demand and Supply for the electronics products locals and internationally. Research Techniques As stated previously, the information gathered from the research was primary data, using research techniques such as Surveys and Observations of consumers and similar suppliers in the domestic market. The Survey was conducted through Eighty five (85) Questionnaires distributed and returned from a random sample of a targeted population. The questionnaire allowed the researcher the opportunity to answer who, what, where and how through various questions posed to the participants therefore using the desired descriptive research design. The survey would also allow the researcher to collect quantitative data to be analysed quantitatively and also collecting the data to suggest possible relationships between two or more variables which can be explored through existing models. The questionnaire tested the participants on various areas such as: The knowledge of customers in the market The online shopping awareness of customer The factors that affect the demand for products and services in the said market. Customer satisfaction Etc. Both techniques were also considered to be highly economical due to the constraints of the project both in time and financing as it can be quickly administered at low cost to the researcher. Sample and Population A random sample was taken from a population consisting of both UWI and Authur Lok Jack Students. Each participant was randomly selected and approached face to face by the researcher at different locations of the respected campuses. At the University of West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, random samples were taken from students entering the food court at lunch time to capture the heavy influx of students and also at the pickup area in the afternoon. At Arthur Lok Jack Graduate school of Business candidates were approached at the front desk during the evening sessions to capture the majority of students from different disciplines. Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of business and the University of the West Indies students were chosen as the population mainly because they were seen as the ideal target market based on past and current purchases and demand trends. Credibility and Validity of the research Participants had a clear understanding of the purpose of the questions posed in the questionnaire and its objectives. Each questionnaire was distributed by the researcher in order to prepare for in any unforeseen problems arising from misinterpretation of the questions and as well explanations of the various terminologies used. It was felt that the researcher would be best person to answer any of these questions at any moment notice. Also, the questions were structured in order to facilitate the ease of completion of the form by ensuring that all questions were concise and straight to the point.

Restorative Justice Essay

Introduction: The two thing that most victims of a crime have in common is that they want to know who committed the crime and why. In addition many victims may desire to meet and confront the offender to get some closure or justice. In some cases this is made possible via restorative justice process. This process is all about bringing the victim and the offender together. Restorative justice process: Restorative justice process is a process where the victim of a crime and the criminal are brought together to share their thoughts and feeling. The purpose of this is to help each side understand the pain that was caused by the crime. The three main processes most often identified with restorative justice is Restorative Circles, Restorative Conferencing and Victim-offender mediation. Restorative Circles is a facilitated community meetings attended by offenders, victims, their friends and families, interested members of the community, and (usually) representatives of the justice system. The facilitator is a community member (called a â€Å"keeper†) whose role is primarily to keep the process orderly and periodically to summarize for the benefit of the circle. Conferencing brings the victim and offender to a face-to-face meeting to discuss the crime and its impact. This brings support people for both the victim and offender in the discussions. A criminal justice representative may be present in the conference. A trained facilitator, who does not have a role in the substantive discussions leads  and guides the Participants. Victim Offender Mediation brings victims and offenders together with a trained facilitator to discuss the crime and develop an agreement for how to make things right. This process focuses on creating a safe, comfortable environment in which restorative dialogue can take place. Effects of the crime: The effects of this crime were far reaching. Obviously it affected Mildred in several ways. She lost her valuables and now she is afraid to stay at home. In addition it also effected Mildred’s daughter, Betty. Betty now had to provide a place for her to stay for a while and now she was worried about her safety. This crime also had an effect on the communities’ sense of security as well as the offenders family. Differences between restorative justice process and contemporary criminal justice: Restorative justice is a process where all members volunteer to participate, which in return ensure buy in from all parties. This is essential in ensuring rehabilitation of the offender and closure for the victim. In addition the penalty for the offense is less severe therefore it give the offender a chance to make amends and get back on track. No conviction charges are applied. The contemporary criminal justice process is formal and requires a judge, lawyers and a possible jury. This process is all about proving guilt and holding offenders accountable. It may not be the most effective way to give closure to the victim or rehabilitating the offender. Restorative justice process benefits: David was given a second chance to make amends for his offense with him receiving a conviction . He was given an opportunity to see how his action affected the victim and other s around her, In return he was able to get back onto the right path. Mildred was given closure and she received some of her property back and she gained confidence in her community. The community gained confidence in their overall security. Conclusion: At the end of the day the restorative justice process is more productive and effective as long as all side are willing participants. Buy in on a solution to a problem is always more effective then forcing the solution via conviction. References www.rjcity.org (copyright 2007 Prison Fellowship International).

Power of the Few Essay

The three articles to be tackled by this essay discuss the presence of a power elite, a term coined by author C. Wright Mills.   The articles talk about how the power elite emerged and existed, who comprises it, and evidence to prove why these people are, in fact, the few who hold power in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first article is C. Wright Mills’ The Power Elite wherein he argues that the power of the elite is not derived from their individual attributes but from three societal institutions, specifically the economy, politics, and the military, where power is actually concentrated (332).   To support this argument, Mills points out that there are extraordinary men who are heads or are in command of major social structures and are in the position to make decisions that will have great consequences affecting society (332).     He goes on to point out that even if these men do not make decisions or act for their institutions, such is actually an influencing act in itself (332).   And who are these men who govern the three major institutions of society? They are â€Å"the wealthiest, most celebrated, most powerful†¦[with] resources of men, women, and money†¦and mass media focused on them† (336).     Mills then presents two points of view regarding the existence of powerful elite: those who do not believe that power elite exists and those who believe that it exists only because historical situations show that decisions are being made but the average and ordinary citizen did not make that decision (333).   However, Mills then argues that there are institutions that do in fact unite the decisions made and the historical events that show those decisions (334).   And even if one will argue that society is also ruled by religious, educational and familial institutions, Mills concedes that although these institutions are present and working in society, they are just but the means of the big three[1] to legitimize its power and decisions (334).   In fact, Mills argues that if the smaller institutions do not go about the path laid down by the big three, then the big three can always do something to change the structure of smaller institutions so as to fit their plans and decisions (334-335). In the end, Mills wraps up his article with the conclusion that there are those extraordinary men in the three biggest influential institutions in society that dictate its course and that although they are not solitary rulers (333), it is only through them that power â€Å"can be more or less continuous and important† (336).   And these men are so powerful that their wills are followed and realized even if others resist it (336).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second article is Diversity in the Power Elite by Richard Zweigenhaft and G. William Domhoff, wherein the authors concluded that â€Å"power elite is more than a set of institutional leaders† (338).     The authors attack the view of C. Wright Mills that society is not pluralistic and that it is controlled only by a handful through a research on whether the three major institutional hierarchies have become diversified over the years since Mills’ theory.   And the answer is yes.   The authors’ research showed that the power elite have been diversified through the presence of more women and minorities (339). The research further shows that although there is diversity in the powerful, there are many things that have not changed.   For one, the core group of the elite is still predominantly Christian white males and many groups that contributed to diversification remain underrepresented (339).   Two, â€Å"high social origins continue to be a distinct advantage† and those who are able to penetrate the major institutions play the game according to the rules that have been followed since time immemorial (339). Lastly, the acceptance of diversity was only a result of   â€Å"pressure from activists and feminists† (339).   The article further discussed that although there was diversification in the power elite, the diversity only ends with the gender or race of the person.   In fact, diversity strengthened the power elite even more because it â€Å"held the same values and perspective as those who are already in power† (340).   In the end, diversification did not disprove the existence of the power elite, as enunciated by Mills, but only expanded its membership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last article is by Louis Desipio and Rodolfo O. De La Garza entitled Forever Seen as New: Latino Participation in American Elections wherein it proposes that the growing importance of the Latino electorate in American elections is a result, not of Latino mobilization, but of following an Anglo pattern where the more educated and economically advantaged are the ones who vote (346). The article presents the impediments to a more active Latino electorate: being young, less well-educated, low incomes, and not being American citizens (343, 344).     These impediments have been remedied somehow by the emergence of â€Å"new cadre Latino elites and new institutions† comprised of young and well-educated Latinos (345).   This new cadre exposes Latino issues which enable politicians to address them with more knowledge (345).   As a result, although development in Latino participation will be slow, the new cadre will prove to be influential as it is the voice of the Latino community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the three articles read and analyzed side by side, the most and key concept is power elite.   Mills defines the power elite as the concentration of societal power and influence in a few.   It is often comprised of the highly educated and wealthy people who occupy high posts in either the economic, political or military institutions. The article of Zweigenhaft and Domhoff   proves that although there is a move to further diversify the power elite, there is still only a handful who dictate the course of society as the newcomers hardly have proposed major changes, and in fact settle for playing the game the way the power elite has played it ever since.   The article of Desipio and De La Garza is not any different since it discusses the concentration of Latino electoral participation in the young and well-educated.   At the end of the day, Mills’ concept has expanded but not altered in any way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the three readings main theme of power in the few, I was awakened to the possibility that there really might be just a few people who are running our country through the economy, politics, and the military.     I realized that family, education and religion are not even major powerhouses but do play some role in putting the power elite in their positions.   Those who are wealthy and had the opportunity to graduate from ivy-league and other elite schools are perceived as the people who know a lot and could probably make the right decisions for the country. As a result of this thinking, they are placed in positions that take the correct actions for their institutions.   But I cannot entirely concede that that diversification has not changed anything in the power elite and that the newcomers have not changed anything in society.   Gender and racial issues are core agenda in society today although it must be noted that minorities are still that: minorities.   It is still the rich, the smart and the popular who are in a state of power and influence.   How else can you justify Arnold Schwarchenegger   winning the gubernatorial seat? [1] Economic, political and military institutions

Disopora of Inheritance of Loss - 3231 Words

As might be expected from the rich input of her cultural background, Kiran Desai, daughter of the author Anita Desai is a born story-teller. Her first novel, Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard (1998), is a fresh look at life in the sleepy provincial town of Shahkot in India. At 35 years old, Desai is the youngest woman ever to win the prize and was already highly acclaimed in literary circles for her first novel ‘Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard’ which won a Betty Trask award [2] when it was published in 1998. She spent eight years writing her second novel â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss† [3] . Much has been made of the parallels between the book and Desais family history but its not an autobiography. Desai herself has said that in places its†¦show more content†¦Whereas Biju finds it difficult to have a conversation even with the Indian girls to whom he delivers a take away meal, Saeed had many girls: Oh myee God!! he said. Oh myee Gaaaawd! She keep calling me and calling me,† he clutched at head, â€Å"aaaiii...I dont know what to do!!†... †Its those dreadlocks, cut them off and the girls will go.† â€Å"But I dont want them to go!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [8] Much of the comedy also arises from the Indian mis or over-use of the English language. ‘â€Å"Result equivocal† the young Judge wrote home to India on completing his university examinations in Britain. â€Å"What†, asked everyone â€Å"does that mean?† It sounded as if there was a problem, because â€Å"un† words were negative words, those basically competent in the English agreed. But then (his father) consulted the assistant magistrate and they exploded with joy †¦.† Bose, the Judge’s friend from his university days is a wonderfully optimistic but pompous individual, made all the more ridiculous by his over-use of British idioms – Cheeri-o, right-o, tickety boo, simply smashing, chin-chin, no siree, how’s that, bottom’s up, I say! [9] An original and modern aspect of Desai’s style is the almost poet-like use she makes of different print forms on the page: she uses italics for foreign words as if to emphasize their exoticness and untranslatability and capitals for emphasis