Marvell And Coyness Essays - Psychometrics, Research,

Marvell And Coyness q Research: the efficient exertion to tie down responses to questions. q Communication Research: Studies message related conduct as a claim to fame and is made out of verbal and non-verbal signs. q Quantitative Research: Explanation and Prediction, requests in which perceptions are communicated predominately in numerical terms. q Qualitative Research: Description and understanding, and are based predominately in non-numerical terms. q Formats for Research Questions: I. Must be expressed unambiguously II. Must have a least two factors III. Must be testable IV. Must not propel individual worth decisions V. Clear linguistic proclamations. q Formats for Research Hypothesis: I. States Relationships between the factors II. Be reliable with what is know in the writing III. Must be testable. IV. Must be clear. V. Syntactic and unambiguous revelatory sentences. a. Directional: What the connection between the variable is. b. Non-Directional: There is a connection between the factors. q Variables: a. Free: Predict results placed in the speculation. b. Subordinate: Values or exercises that are ventured to be molded upon the autonomous variable of the theory. c. Consistent: Expressed numerically to show matters of degree. d. Absolute: Identifies the qualities or levels of a variable. q Operational definitions: Isolation of an idea by indicating the means investigates follow to mention objective facts. q Conceptual definitions: Definitions that depend on different ideas to depict a term. q Descriptive Research: Research done through the social occasion of accessible data. q Experimental Research: Research done when at least one of the factors is controlled by the specialist. q Experimental Designs: Permits drawing causal cases about factors that can be controlled. q Purpose of Lit. Surveys: To have some reinforcement about what specialists and others state about point. q Peer Reviewed Sources: Sources that are inspected by different understudies and researchers q Popular Sources: Magazines, Newspapers, and non-Reviews sources. q Reliability: The interior consistency of a measure. q Validity: a. Test legitimacy is the consistency of a measure with a basis; how much a measure really gauges what is asserted. b. Exploratory legitimacy alludes to the nonappearance of blunders that keep scientists from making unequivocal determinations. q Types of Survey Questions: a. Likert Scales: Scales made out of explanations that ponder clear position an issue, for which subjects demonstrate their concession to a 5-point scale. b. Semantic Differential: Scales limited by sets of bipolar descriptive words. c. Open Ended: Questions to which individuals react in their own words. d. Shut Ended: Questions to which individuals react in fixed classifications of answers. q Uses of Focus Groups: To a guided or unguided conversation tending to a specific subject of enthusiasm with a deliberately chosen little gathering. By posing key inquiries the mediator finds the estimations of the gathering and the purposes for them. q Levels of estimation: a. Ostensible: Use of numbers as straightforward recognizable proof of factors. b. Ordinal: Use of rank request to decide contrasts. c. Stretch/Ratio: Assignment of numbers to things as an issue of degree. q Sampling Methods: a. Arbitrary: Selection of information with the end goal that every occasion in the populace has an equivalent possibility of being chosen. b. Non-Random: q Samples: q Population: Theory Essays

Marriage and welfare essays

Marriage and government assistance papers The disintegration of marriage in the course of recent years has enormously affected kids and the families in question. All things considered, this is the thing that most preservationist republicans would state, and President Bush is absolutely driving the way. The gainful impacts of marriage for people and society are past question and the Bush organization is attempting to ensure that administration strategy ought to advance marriage instead of debilitate it. President Bush has proposed the making of a program to advance sound and stable relationships. Investment in this program would be willful. The subsidizing for such a program would be around 300 million every year. This midpoints out to be one penny to advance relationships for each five dollars the administration spends to finance single parenthood.  ¡ This little speculation today could bring about possibly incredible sparing later on by lessening the reliance on government assistance and other social services. ¡(Rector and Johnson ) As indicated by insights about 33% of every single American kid are conceived without any father present. That is around one birth at regular intervals, and the kids brought into the world inside marriage the greater part of them will see separate before they arrive at the age of 18. Indeed the greater part of the considerable number of kids in the United States will spend their adolescence in useless families. The Importance of marriage has been horribly ignored. The disintegration of marriage is the chief reason for neediness in kid in the United States. Kids raised by single guardians are multiple times bound to grow up living in destitution than kids brought up in the home of the two guardians. Generally speaking roughly 80 percent of long haul youngster neediness in the United States originates from broken homes. Indeed, even with every one of these insights some despite everything contend that building solid sound relationships would have no impact on the neediness of youngsters, in light of the fact that ... <!

Rutledge, John

Rutledge, John Rutledge, John, 1739â€"1800, American jurist and political leader, 2d chief justice of the United States, b. Charleston, S.C.; brother of Edward Rutledge . After studying law in London he began practice in Charleston, S.C., in 1761. He rose to prominence when quite young, was a member (1762) of the provincial assembly, attorney general of South Carolina (1764â€"65), and a delegate (1765) to the Stamp Act Congress. He twice (1774â€"76, 1782â€"83) was a member of the Continental Congress and meanwhile held strong sway as president (1776â€"78) of his state and later (1779â€"82) as governor. As delegate (1787) to the Constitutional Convention, Rutledge played an important role in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution, and then (1788) was a member of the state ratifying convention. After serving (1789â€"91) as associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court he was chief justice of South Carolina. In July, 1795, he was appointed interim chief justice of the United States and presided at the August term of the Supreme Court, but the Senate (Dec., 1795) refused to confirm the appointment because of his bitter attacks on Jay's Treaty . See biography by R. H. Barry (1942, repr. 1971). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Restorative Justice and Young Offenders Restorative justice is a relatively contemporary model in penology that has had quite a considerable level ofacceptance in modern penology, especially in North America, Europe, (Umbreit and Greenwood, 1998) Australia, and New Zealand. More than a 1000 different programmes that employ restorative justice principles are known to be operative in the afore mentioned jurisdictions. (Umbreit and Greenwood, 1998) According to Marshall (1999) restorative justice is â€Å"a problem-solving approach to crime which involves the parties themselves, and the community generally, in an active relationship with statutory agencies† (p. 5). The main ethos in restorative justice focuses on a process which allows participation by the victim of crime, community representatives, the offender and families of the victim and or the offender. (Luna 2003) This inclusive process of penology is preferred as a medium for dealing with the causes and effects of crime in the community. (Luna 2003) Restorative justice views crime as an offence against an individual (or individuals) and the community and is thus a departure from the traditional norm in penology where the state assumes the role as the one whose prohibitions has been breached. We will write a custom essay sample on Restorative Justice and Young Offenders or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The locus of dealing with crime and its effects under restorative justice is thus communal in nature. Consequently, Marshall (1995) has observed that restorative justice gives â€Å"recognition of community, rather than criminal justice agencies as the prime site of crime control† (p. 1) Marshall (1999) also asserts that restorative justice is founded on principles which include â€Å"making room for the personal involvement of those mainly concerned (particularly the offender and the victim, but also their families and communities); seeing crime problems in their social context; a forward-looking (or preventative) problem-solving orientation; † and â€Å"flexibility of practice (creativity)† (p. 5). One of the areas of the criminal justice system that restorative justice is showing a lot of promise as a form of early intervention in preventing re-offending in many countries the world over (especially the ‘Family Group Conferences in Australia and New Zealand) is in the area of juvenile delinquency or youth offending. (Thames Valley Police, 1999) McGarrell (2001) observes that in the US, emphasis on issues of youth violence and school safety due to school shootings, have diverted attention from an important area of concern like delinquency among the very young.

Essay on Critical Thinking and Decision Making - 582 Words

The process of critical thinking requires you to ask more questions of both others and of yourself before a decision or determination is made. In order to successfully evaluate data in a critical manner, you must have a system in place to assess information as it is presented. In any situation whether you are having a conversation, observing others, or material you have read, you must be ready to probe deeper and ask the right question at the right time. Browne, Keely, McCall and Kaplan, refers to critical thinking as a Systematic evaluation of arguments based on explicit rational criteria (1998, p.IX). The authors go on to state that critical thinking refers to the following: awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions,†¦show more content†¦The use of these tools will enable management in obtaining a level of comfort with making the tough choices. The relationship between critical thinking and decision making is inseparable. The purpose of utilizing critical thinking skills is to get to the very core of an issue, topic or problem, and making a decision on the information. Therefore, there is little purpose to one without the other. Why would anyone become a critical thinker if they were not going to follow it up with a decision on the data as it is presented? Similarly, any decisions made without the benefit of any relevant information will end up being a decision made in haste. It is best to utilize every tool at your disposal to make an informed decision. I agree with the authors on the definition and use of critical thinking and decision making skills. The benefits of being a critical thinker are enormous, they include being able to make effective decisions and learning to ask the important show-stopping questions. By using these skills you will be able to probe deeper and get to the heart of the issue. As stated in an earlier paper, the use of critical thinking when making crucial business decisions quite simply makes good business sense. Critical thinking skills are crucial in todays fast paced business world. Once these skills becomeShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking For Decision Making755 Words   |  4 Pagesis to discuss my critical thinking for decision-making and problem-solving as a professional in healthcare, reflect on the three most important elements of personal and professional etiquette, identify my communication strengths and weaknesses, identify strategies to stay on-task and on-time, and discuss my professional goal s. Critical Thinking for Decision-Making and Problem Solving As a professional in the healthcare environment, I use my critical thinking for decision-making and problem solvingRead MoreCritical Thinking And Decision Making1198 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking is the process of actively conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information gathered from the observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication. Critical thinking is a guide to belief and action (Scriven Paul 1987). In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairnessRead MoreCritical Thinking And Decision Making1240 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision Making By Pat Scruggs | Submitted On October 31, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest What is critical thinking? There s a phrase that conjures up all manner of opinionsRead MoreDecision Making : Critical Thinking1982 Words   |  8 Pagespossible. But like Gary Collins said â€Å"We can try to avoid making choices by doing nothing, but even that is a decision. Therefore, decision making is in us relentlessly whether we want it or not. No single definition of critical thinking is widely accepted. Critical thinking is the process in which one challenges their emotive, self-centered way of thinking. It causes one to test their own assumptions and question their reasoning. Critical thinking is the process in which one mentally explores deeperRead MoreCritical Thinking in Decision Making Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking in Decision Making Debra Rodriguez MGT 350 August 6, 2012 Karen Allen Critical thinking is a mode of thinking where one improves his or her quality by applying intellectual skills to elements of decisions to make solid decisions to develop intellectual traits. It is important to enhance ones critical thinking skills to improve decision-making capabilties in life and create new opportunities. Critical thinking is the ability of evaluating and assessing thoughts with the aimRead More Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision Making In the corporate environment critical decisions must be made, sometimes quickly, whether because of changes in market conditions, corporate profits, or corporate performances. The decision-making process is vital to good management in today’s work environment. This paper will examine the relationship between critical thinking and the decision making process, explain what the textbook authors believe, and relate how both apply to today’s workplace. CriticalRead MoreCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesinfers the ability to think. Critical thinking is asking the right questions about the information we are presented with on any given situation. Or as Brown and Keeley put it, it is asking critical questions. (Pg. 2) To put it more specifically, asking critical questions provide(s) a structure for critical thinking that supports a continual, ongoing search for better opinions, decisions, or judgments. (Brown and Keeley, 2000, Critical Thinking, Asking the Right QuestionsRead MoreEssay on Critical Thinking and Decision-Making1892 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision-Making The purpose of this paper is to explain critical thinking and decision-making by different examples, models, and show how it is used in everyday life. Everyone uses critical thinking and decision-making all the time, most of the time without recognition and involuntary and it starts from the time you wake up in the morning till you go to bed. There are three components for every decision made and they are: 1.Criteria- the standards by which decision makersRead MoreThe Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decision Making665 Words   |  3 PagesCritical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. The relationship between the two will be explained as well as the benefits of being a critical thinker. The author of this paper will also sh ow how critical thinking is present in his organization and howRead MoreCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay example733 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking 1 CRITICAL THINKING AND DECISION MAKING Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Paper Critical Thinking 2 Abstract Critical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. The relationship between the two will be explained as

What is Censorship Free Essays

I will discuss whether or not censorship is a good or bad thing and what affect it has on the people and whether this influence is helpful to society. The media needs censorship because discretion in viewers or censorship is necessary; it reduces the risk of exposing children of easily influenced ages to adult content as well as inappropriate content that should not be exposed to all. Media exposure is a powerful factor in influencing the values and opinions of children; for this reason, the need to control all that they see and hear from the media. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Censorship? or any similar topic only for you Order Now An example of this are rap songs, which usually contain swear words, say if a young child was in the room and heard this and then began to repeat the word, this is why some word in songs are censored. On the other hand there are cons to censorship. It compromises freedom of speech. Also not censoring can be a good thing as shock tactics are the best way to help children/teenagers to stay safe, for instance if a teenager saw a picture of a girl dead from a drug overdose it would help them to see that it is dangerous making sure that they stay away from it. Everyone should be able to choose whether censoring is better or not, seeing things like the example above will help children to think twice leading them to make the right choices rather than being reckless and irresponsible with their decisions. In conclusion I believe that censorship is good because it protects the privacy of the people. We should all have a choice, some may rather prefer content be censored like if they live in a family environment with children around. Whereas others would choose not censoring for example if they live on their own and are an adult, listening to swear words would not cause any harm or have any impact as most likely they already know these certain words. How to cite What is Censorship?, Papers

Public Services free essay sample

They also provide a range of other urgent and planned healthcare and transport services. Communication High-quality communication skills are very important for working in the uniformed public services. You are educated these skills the instant you start basic training. Communication can take place in a number of ways, Such as: * Non verbal communication * Verbal communication * Visual communication The public service skills are important in The Ambulance service because For example, Non verbal is used for people who have hearing aids or have any other disabilities. Verbal communication is used mainly for people who have sight disabilities. Visual communication is used as written or drawn pictures that represent words. In public services non verbal communication would be useful if someone was deaf and you could use sign language, they might need to send an order to another person so the deaf person would either lip-read or sign. Non verbal communication- is where body language and sign language are used to communicate effectively in a one to one situation or a group situation. Public services should be aware of every human has their own rights because public services work with the agreement and cooperation with the public , they are respected from people and same way goes to public service they should show the same respect back to citizens. However, even with highly trained and knowledgeable officers, there can still be breaches (abuse) of human rights. And this is the reason why there is the need for law as and policies such as the human right Act 1998. Human rights act 1998 This act ensures that all the UK citizens have certain rights. Such as, right to; * Life * Prohibition of slavery and forced labour * Liberty and security * Prohibition of discrimination * Education * Free election * Freedom of assembly and association * Freedom of thought, conscience and religion There are many other rights for humans but if these rights are broken by the public services, then the individuals concerned have the right to take the service to court and challenge the action. * Equal opportunities Equal opportunity is another act to ensure that all the citizens of the UK receive equal chance. All of the public services aware of the importance of equal opportunity in the UK. There is equal opportunities legislation for example; the sex discrimination act and the race relations Act this Acts has basically changed the way the services co-operate with their officers and the public. This legislations aim is to ensure the public services reflect the communities when they service. For example; majority of the public service starts recruiting women and those ethnic minority groups to give equal opportunity for both sexes. Another good example will be uniform requirement have changed to provide different religious group for example; female Muslim police officers can wear a dark blue head covering under their hat this means they are allowing Muslim females to wear scarf which is showing that equal opportunity has given to citizens. * Financial reduction or increase Finance is very important in any public service because they won’t be able to operate if they don’t have the recourses for example; if the Army service doesn’t get enough financial help from government the service won’t function because of the resources such as weapons. They won’t be able to pay the personnel this even can cause to have fewer personnel. * Civilianisation Civilianisation is a process whereby police officers or this can be any other public service officers are released from completing non-operational task which don’t require their specialist expertise or training. For example when a police officer catches the criminals all of them have to write report about that task. These officers will then able to organise to an operational role, this makes the use of such staff more efficient since they are doing the job they were trained to do rather than routine organisational work. Policies that affect the military service Declaration of war A declaration of war will have a large and immediate impact on the military service because they will begin to be deployed almost immediately to a particular battle area along with their resources and equipment’s, in order to fight for an aim or set of aims specified by the government. The army service exist as servants of the government, they cannot pick or choose where to serve they can only go into military action when ordered to do so by the government . The impact on the service First of all is there is the risk to the loves of serving solders in combat or in an area of global variability. During the war military personnel can be killed or seriously injured by the enemy. they could lose their life or any part of their body this will called as a injured but as I said this can be very big injured. * Another impact is families of military personnel they can face to big stress and anxiety about the happiness of thei r loved ones. This can be very painful because they never know if they can see their loved ones again. Reserve forces These are volunteer troops who are can be called up in time of conflict but otherwise lead a normal civilian life. * The use of troops carries advantages and disadvantages because commanding officers can struggle with them because they cannot be physically fit to cope with the difficulties of the war. * Also they can be less effective because they have not been trained. * They bring a wealth of experience from their civilian lives which can enhance the service greatly. * Military will save money because it’s an volunteer organisation. Increased use of technology The armed services should always be at the forefront of the technology because they are protection country so they need latest weapons so complete task. Another advancing of technology is that communication system and this leads to more effective task because that’s how public services can achieve the task. Links with international service The UK government and this same goes to any other countries we are accountable to each other. As British army service provides support to country in time of war for example the recent one is in 2008 when Iraq was n war British army help them. P5-â€Å"identify how society is affected by government policies† This assignment is requiring to identifying how society is affected by government policies. Many people feel that government policies have little impact on their lives and that they think there is no point to say out because they are policies all they need to do is to follow them but then there are other people who thinks that ther e is an issue because of the policy that affect them directly and they can feel very angry about this policy and they might want to protest about it. n this way it cannot argued as if is bad thing, it is right of people in democratic country to protest peacefully about government policies that they disagree with because there is not such a thing that says everyone has to agree with the policy that set out by the government. As I said some people may feel so strongly about that policy. The problems starts to arise when protest affect with other people’s ability to get on with their lives or when they turn damaging and violent in this situation the job of the police is to allow protesters to get their protest across without doing anybody any harm because it’s given very negative view to government. * Civil disobedience This is a non-violent protest that breaks the law. This is usually done peacefully to highlight how incorrect a law is and promote that there is need for a change in the law. A good example of this case would be when Rose Parks in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to white man when asked to do so. She was arrested and her arrested sparked a chain in 1956 which led the US Supreme Court decision in 1956 that racial segregation on transportation was illegal. * Terrorism This affects all the service but especially the work of police and the armed service has been strongly affected by the risk of terrorism because these services is the ones that who deals with this situation very closely to keep peace in the country. Terrorism involves a group of people using violence or threat of violence against citizen and military targets in order to force the government to change its policy. Government don’t respond well to terrorism because there have been changes in the law, especially the terrorism act 2000, the terrorism Act 2006 and the civil contingencies Act 2004 and there may anymore Act to come but it’s not given any good solution to this problem, the only thing that we gain from this problem is more dead bodies that’s the reason why I said government don’t respond well to terrorism. One of the worst examples is when atrocities committed the Omagh bombing in 1998 which killed 29 people. There are many other examples when people died. * Picketing Picketing is when workers strike meet together outside their work place, this is quite common way for employees to show that they are not happy with the policy that has stetted. The focus of this usually pays joblessness or working conditions. This also happened in the UK when fire service strikes in 2002 and also when teachers strike because of the retirement age. Sit-ins Sit-ins is a peaceful way of demonstrating to prevent road building for example; in 1995-6 environmental protestors effectively disrupted work on the Newbury bypass. The protest was including 29 camps with tree houses and tunnel network and also the protesters failed to stop eventual building of the bypass at Newbury. However protestor’s action led to a change in government thinking in the building of new road so they have actually made small cha nged. * Demonstrating and meetings Meeting is basically to discuss problems which politically sensitive that may lead sooner or later to violence so citizens meets to discuss about the issue that may give bad hard times in future. This meeting can also be held outside just to show that people are not happy to back up their feelings that against the decision. Example of this would be the meetings and protest organised by the countryside Alliance since the UK government placed a ban on foxhunting.